Volkswagen Touran Service Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Infrared Dryer -VAS6878
Definition:
Infrared Dryer -VAS6878-
Product Description:
The infrared dryer is used to dry paste, filler, base paint,
top coats and clear coats on vertical and horizontal surfaces.
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Tread Depth, Measuring
Note
When measuring tread depth, take measurements in the main
grooves.
Do not take measurements at the tread wear indicator.
Tread depth of a tire must be mea ...
Winter Tires with Speed Symbol V
Table. Refer to
→ Anchor.
The tire industry delivers winter tires with V-rating also.
These tires can be applied up to the maximum permissible speed vmax
= 240 km/h (149.13 mph) only under certain conditions.
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Pressure and Boiling Point