Volkswagen Touran Service Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Volkswagen Touran Owners Manual. Checking the engine oil level and refilling engine oil
Fig. 174 Oil dipstick with markings
Fig. 175 In the engine compartment:
engine oil filler cap
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings Preparation
Park the vehicle on a level surface to ensure the engine oil reading is
correct.
Switch off the en ...
Volkswagen Touran Owners Manual. Introduction
This chapter contains information on the following subjects:
→ Washing the vehicle
→ Washing the vehicle with a high-pressure cleaner
→ Cleaning windows and exterior mirrors
→ Cleaning and changing windscreen wiper blades
→ Waxing and po ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point