Volkswagen Touran Service Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
Other materials:
Volkswagen Touran Owners Manual. Natural gas
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings Natural gas quality and consumption
Natural gas is available in two grades: H-gas and L-gas.
H-gas has a higher calorific value and a lower nitrogen and carbon dioxide content.
The higher the calorific value of the natur ...
Volkswagen Touran Owners Manual. Checklist
Please note the following for the cleaning and maintenance of the
seat covers :
Before getting into the vehicle, close
all Velcro fasteners that could touch the cloth seat covers and fabric
trims. Open Velcro fasteners can cause damage to cloth seat covers and
fabric trims.
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Pressure and Boiling Point