Volkswagen Touran Service Manual: Physical Principles
| The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants. |
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| When water is heated in a vessel (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapor is further heated
through heat absorption, the visible vapor turns into invisible
gas. The process is reversible. The warmth is extracted from
gaseous water, vapor forms first, then water and then ice. |
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Heat Transfer
| Every substance consists of a mass of moving molecules. The
fast moving molecules of a warmer substance give off some of
their energy to the cooler and thus slower molecules. As a
result, the molecular motion of the warmer substance slows down
and that of the colder substance is accelerated. This process
continues until the molecules of both substances are moving at
the same speed. They are then at the same temperature and no
further heat exchange takes place. |
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The boiling point given in tables for a liquid is always
referenced to an atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (14.5 psi). If
the pressure acting on a fluid changes, its boi ...
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Volkswagen Touran Owners Manual. Repairs and technical modifications
First read and observe the introductory
information and safety warnings Repairs and modifications must
always be carried out according to Volkswagen specifications !
Unauthorised modifications to the electronic components or software in the
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Volkswagen Touran Owners Manual. Notes on push-starting
First read and observe the introductory information
and safety warnings As a basic principle, the vehicle should not
be tow-started. Use jump leads to start the engine instead .
For technical reasons, the following vehicles cannot be tow-started:
Vehicles with an automatic gearbox. ...
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Pressure and Boiling Point